For tough wood, e.g. hickory and hard maple - you need 20 tons of force and sometimes 30 tons. For small and not-so-tough wood you can get by with 10 -15 tons of force.
Keep in mind that a pair of 2" cylinders offer less then a single 3" cylinder. A pair of 3" cylinders offer just a hair more then a single 4" clinder, etc.
It's all about pressure versus surface area of the cylinder piston when it comes to splitting force.
It's all about hydraulic flow versus cylinder volume when it comes to cycle speed. That's why good splitters use dual pumps (two stage). This way an 8 horse engine can do the splitting work of a 25 horse engine.
A 3" cylinder hooked to a 2000 PSI pressure source can make around 7 tons of force. Hook the same to a two-stage pump that can make 3500 PSI and you can get 12 1/2 tons of force.
A typical store-bought splitter will have a 4" cylinder and a 3500 lb. two-stage pump and makes over 22 tons of force.
A professional HD splitter will often have a 5" cylinder and a 4000 lb. pump and make 39 tons of force on the "split" stroke. They all have less power on the "retract" stroke since the rod takes away surface area from piston. But cylinders also have less volume on the retract stroke so they can cycle back faster.
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Today's Featured Article - The Ferguson System Principal An implement cutting through the soil at a certain depth say eight inches requires a certain force or draft to pull it. Obviously that draft will increase if the implement runs deeper than eight inches, and decrease if it runs shallower. Why not use that draft fact to control the depth of work automatically? The draft forces are
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