My understanding is there are two types of flushes. One lets the transmission pump suck in the clean fluid and pump out the old fluid - usually they start with a gallon or so of cleaning solvent then switch over to the clean transmission fluid. This changes 100% of the fluid and allows the transmission to function as it would in normal operation. It also "wastes" a couple quarts of fluid in the process.
The other is a power flush the forces the fluid through the transmission - some even advertise a "reverse" power flush - I would avoid both.
If your transmission is so full of trash that the mere act of adding clean fluid "plugs" the filter (actually a screen in most cases) you needed the transmission rebuilt anyway. Pulling the pan might be best on a high mileage transmission of questionable condition just to see what has been deposited in the sump pan. Not that it does a better job but you know if you need to skip changing the fluid and go straight to the overhaul.
Most transmissions have only a screen for a "filter". A transmission in good condition the clutch packs and other areas will wear so that the particles ar so small that they will pass through the screen. When you have "chunks" that the screen catches the clutches are breaking up and you need to do more than change the fluid.
On a higher mileage transmission these particles will act as grit in the worn clutches to get the last little bit of wear out the transmission - in a lower mileage transmission this "grit" causes more wear on clutches that are in good condition. Basically if a transmission is on its last legs changing the fluid will hasten its demise. Changing the fluid as recomended (every 30K to 60K as the manual will recommend) will make it last much longer.
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Today's Featured Article - Hydraulics - Cylinder Anatomy - by Curtis von Fange. Let’s make one more addition to our series on hydraulics. I’ve noticed a few questions in the comment section that could pertain to hydraulic cylinders so I thought we could take a short look at this real workhorse of the circuit. Cylinders are the reason for the hydraulic circuit. They take the fluid power delivered from the pump and magically change it into mechanical power. There are many types of cylinders that one might run across on a farm scenario. Each one could take a chapter in
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