The drop in voltage indicates bad connections, or badly corroded wires. You should have 12.5V all the way.
What "junction block" are you talking about? There shouldn't be any junction block anywhere. One thick wire from one battery post to a bolt on the tractor's frame. The other thick wire from the battery goes to one terminal on the pushbutton switch, then another thick wire goes from the pushbutton switch to the starter.
First thing you need to do is take each connection apart and make sure that everything is clean and shiny, then reconnect them and make sure the bolts are tight. If either of the battery ends is one of those replacement ones that bolt on with a strap, you need to take that apart and clean it up as well. It wouldn't hurt to cut off the end of the wire that was clamped and strip off some fresh wire to make the connection.
As a general rule, you'll find a bad ground connection, the one that goes from the frame of the tractor directly to the battery. The iron/copper connection gets corroded more easily.
If all the connections are clean, bright and tight, and you still have no start, replace the heavy pushbutton starter switch. There's a reason these aren't used to start vehicles anymore, and it's because they don't last...
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